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GeneralThere are many forms of accommodation for calves: igloos, single boxes, in groups or in cubicles. The most crucial aspect of animal housing is to prevent the multiplication and spread of agents of disease. A good climate is also of significance.
Regardless of how the calves are housed there are 5 points which contribute to successful calf raising. |
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VentilationGood ventilation is vital for calves, and providing it is a preventative measure against many kinds of health problems. A poorly ventilated stable generates an excess of exhaled air, harmful gases, dust and micro-organisms.
The quantity of air requiring replenishment is dependant on the season. In summer the mean air replenishment should be 1.5 m3 per hour per kg of live weight, and in the winter 0.5 m3 per hour per kg of live weight. A standard figure would be 10 m3 of space per animal.
Air replenishment must not be cut if the temperature outside and in the stable falls too low. The airstream must have a free passage but areas of air acceleration must be avoided as this gives rise to draughts and therefore chilled calves. Insufficient air movement also promotes dampness and bad odours. |
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LightPlentiful light doesn't just make things easier for the stockholder, it also has significant effects on the calf. As the hours of daylight decrease the deposition of body fat increases. Insufficient light is interpreted by the calf as winter conditions. In response the animals start to lay down body fat. It is a good idea to increase the hours of daylight to 16 using artificial light, as this promotes efficient use of nutrition. Less fat will be laid down and more muscle protein, so that the calf grows more rapidly. |
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SeparationCalves have a poor immune system in their first days of life. They build up a properly functioning system by drinking colostrum. In order to prevent early infection it is important that the calves are housed separately for at least 10 days. However it is also important that the calves are not housed together with animals older than 5 months, in order to prevent airborne infections. Good practice during feeding is also important: you should work from young to old, wearing clean clothes and footwear so as to prevent the transmission of disease as far as possible. |
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ComfortComfort is important in keeping the calves healthy. Calves held in a poor environment will generate additional costs. Their growth will lag because much energy will be lost in maintenance. It is therefore important that the calves have a dry floor and are kept out of draughts. Access to fresh water and food is also important for older calves. It is desirable to keep calves on straw until they are 14 weeks old. |
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LabourThe accommodation must be so designed as to allow the most efficient operation possible. There must be enough room for proper, quick and tidy working. If the accommodation is in good order you will have more time for other activities. Labour is expensive and any timesaving will therefore be more than welcome. |
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